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ABOUT: The iThenticate Blog is an award-winning site that discusses plagiarism and scholarly misconduct issues that affect researchers, editors, authors and graduate students. Join the iThenticate team and guest bloggers in the quest to raise awareness of misconduct, and promote integrity and ethical writing practices by sharing our articles. To contact us, send us an email.

Plagiarism Prevention Blog

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What Is Self Plagiarism and How to Avoid It

  
  
  

self plagiarism white paperWriters often maintain that because they are the authors, they can reuse their work as they please; it couldn't be defined as "plagiarism" since they are not taking any words or ideas from someone else. However, while the debate on whether self-plagiarism is possible continues, the ethics of self-plagiarism is significant, especially because self-plagiarism can infringe upon a publisher’s copyright.

Traditional definitions of plagiarism do not account for self-plagiarism, so writers may be unaware of the ethics and laws involved in reusing or repurposing texts.

Addressing this growing area of concern (for authors, researchers, publishers and organizations alike), iThenticate has examined the definitions of self-plagiarism and offers advice on how self-plagiarism can be avoided in its new white paper, "The Ethics of Self-Plagiarism."

Download the free self plagiarism white paper

Avoiding Self Plagiarism

Organizations and individual authors and researchers can take preventative measures in their writing practices and editing processes, including the use of plagiarism checker technology that helps detect potential self-plagiarism before publication. The white papers gives readers insight on best practices from the following resources:

We welcome any feedback you may have about the white paper and this increasingly discussed topic!

Comments

I read your white paper on self-plagiarism with interest. While your comments and guidelines are clearly founded in dictionary definitions and laws, general scholarly practice is not compatible with them. The following two examples illustrate my point: 
 
- A PhD student publishes several papers prior to submitting her thesis. She creates her thesis by reusing figures and text from these papers. This thesis then appears on a university web site for free downloading. Typically in these cases text and figures are reused without asking permission from the publisher of the papers and without citing papers explicitly where text and figures are reused. 
 
- A laboratory director is asked to summarize research work in his lab. He writes a paper that summarizes ten years of research and cites all relevant journal publications. A fair amount of text is cut and pasted from previous papers where he is an author. While it is stated explicitly that the article is a summary of previous research and previous articles are cited throughout the paper, following standard practice, the laboratory director does not "pompously" quote himself using quotes " " every time text is reused. The summary paper appears in an on-line open source journal where no copyright transfer is required. 
 
In my view these two examples do not illustrate unethical behaviour. 
Yet following your white paper, they would be.
Posted @ Thursday, September 08, 2011 3:17 PM by Ian Smith
Very good and interesting paper.
Posted @ Friday, September 09, 2011 11:02 AM by Dr Goda Sporn
"...the ethics of self-plagiarism is significant, especially because self-plagiarism can infringe upon a publisher’s copyright." 
 
Let's be clear here. The issue is ONLY about copyright infringement. It has nothing to do with ethics per se, but only with rules made up by existing publishers to protect an unfair and unsustainable business model. The future belongs to open access journals, where authors hold the copyright, it seems.
Posted @ Thursday, December 29, 2011 4:58 AM by Jack Werter
Let us imagine an aerosol chemical composition study laboratory. There are 10 students working with a professor. The experimental procedure to analyze the samples remains same but every student use different area samples (different parts of the world). I am interested to know, how they can write experimental procedures in 10 different ways. Is it comes under self plagiarism?
Posted @ Thursday, January 19, 2012 8:19 PM by Prashant
Thanks to all for your comments! 
 
@Ian, I echo @Jack that it all boils down to copyright protection. If a journal publishes a manuscript, the concept of today is that it's theirs and other usage of that content, in theory, has a monetary loss and puts their reputation at risk. 
 
@Prashant, At what point is self-plagiarism an issue in this situation? I am interested to hear what others have to say about how self-plagiarism could enter collaborative research.  
 
Retraction Watch Blog posted an article today about The American Chemical Society (ACS) Nano journal retracting a study due to self-plagiarism: http://retractionwatch.wordpress.com/2012/02/01/no-small-matter-acs-nano-journal-growing-alarmed-by-self-plagiarism/
Posted @ Wednesday, February 01, 2012 12:06 PM by Jessica G
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